Al-Kafi · Hadith 1

The Book of Prayer · Salah (Prayer) Is Made Obligatory (Chapters 3-15, practical rules about prayer are best expressed in the form of fatwa.) · Volume 3, book 4, chapter 3, Hadith 1

Original Arabic text

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَمَّا فَرَضَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ فَقُلْتُ فَهَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَبَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ الله تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى‏ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَدُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا فَفِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ سَمَّاهُنَّ الله وَبَيَّنَهُنَّ وَوَقَّتَهُنَّ وَغَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ هُوَ انْتِصَافُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً فَهَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ وَقَالَ الله تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ وَطَرَفَاهُ الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْغَدَاةُ وَزُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَهِيَ صَلاَةُ الْعِشَاءِ الآخِرَةِ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى‏ وَهِيَ صَلاَةُ الظُّهْرِ وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَهِيَ وَسَطُ النَّهَارِ وَوَسَطُ الصَّلاَتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ وَصَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَفِي بَعْضِ الْقِرَاءَةِ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى‏ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَقُومُوا لله قانِتِينَ قَالَ وَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَرَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي سَفَرِهِ فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَتَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ وَأَضَافَ لِلْمُقِيمِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ الإِمَامِ فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ كَصَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الأيَّامِ.

Published English translation

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from af-Fadl ibn Shadhan all Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who said: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about how much of Salah (prayer) Allah, the most Majestic and Glorious, has made obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘During one day and night five prayers are made obligatory.’ I then asked, ‘Has He named and explained them in His book?’ He replied, ‘Yes, Allah, the most High, has said to His Holy Prophet (sw), “Perform prayer after the sun declines to the west, on midday until the darkness of the night.” (17: 78). The sun declines on midday. There are four prayers between midday and the darkness of the night. Allah has named, explained and timed them. Darkness of night is in midnight. He, most Blessed, most High has then said, “...and the recitation (performing prayer) at dawn and recitation at dawn was witnessed (attended by the angels of the day and those of the nights).” These are five prayers. <br>Allah, the most High, said about this issue, “Perform prayer on both ends of the day, [which is sunset and morning], and in a part of the night.” (11:114) This is al-Isha’ prayer. He, the most High has said, “Preserve prayer especially the middle prayer.” (2:239) Middle prayer is al-Dhuhr prayer which is the first prayer the Messenger of Allah (sw) performed. It is in the middle of two prayers during the day, the morning and al-‘Asr prayer. In some of the recitations it is said, “Preserve Salawat (prayers) and the middle prayer.” Middle prayer is al-‘Asr prayer.’ <br>About the words of Allah, “Stand up praying before Allah,” he (the Imam) said, ‘This verse was revealed on Friday when the Messenger of Allah (sw) was on a journey. The Messenger of Allah (sw) prayed before Allah on Friday and left it in that condition during a journey or when at home. For those at home he added two Rak‘ats. He reduced two Rak‘at which the Holy Prophet (sw) had added on Friday for people when at home, because of the two sermons which a prayer leader delivers. Those who perform Friday prayer without congregation, they perform it four Rak‘at like al-Dhuhr prayer in other days.’”

Narrator and transmission

See the transmission information preserved in the original source text.

Attributed scholarly assessments

Shaykh Baqir al-Behbudi: Catalogue non-inclusion note (not an authenticity grade)

Ṣaḥīḥ al-Kāfī

Source records non-inclusion in this scholar's selection; this is not itself a weak or authentic grade.

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edition: Al-Kafi, volume 3, Thaqalayn digital edition / Muhammad Sarwar translation
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translator: Muhammad Sarwar
source Revision: becbad600b693ce23735d7403c4126ce7c896d34
content Hash: 87a56c44d37dffd115e396280a31bbceef66c3d1dcc1f2eecc98eee42fe7046c
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